Zinc anodes are used to protect structures submerged in fresh or salt water. Of course, these anodes are for the protection of the structure

The silver/silver chloride reference electrode consists of a silver electrode whose surface is coated with silver chloride by thermal or electrolytic methods. This electrode shows a high degree of stability. The silver/silver chloride reference electrode is used directly in sea water or brackish river water. In other applications, such as steel in concrete, a silver/silver chloride/potassium chloride reference electrode is used.

The electrodes used in seawater are placed in chambers for mechanical protection, and holes are made on these chambers to establish contact with the electrolyte. These electrodes should be immersed in sea water for several hours before use. The ends of the electrode cable are well insulated to prevent short circuit.

Silver/silver chloride reference electrodes should be kept in saturated potassium chloride solution when not in use.

Buried in the soil are also used. Common zinc anode standards include ASTM-B 418, BS 7361, DNV-RP-B401, IPS-M-TP-750, NORSOK M-503, and MIL-A-18001K.

Zinc anodes are divided into the following two categories in terms of chemical composition and type of application:

1) Marine zinc alloy (Type I) designed for use in seawater.

2) Standard zinc alloy (Type II) formulated for use in fresh water and soil.